SUMMARY
After Pearl Harbor on December 22, 1941, Stalin had a plan to open a second front on the west of Germany to and to relieve pressure from the east. Churchill agreed with Stalin's strategy, but at first Roosevelt was against the idea, but reluctantly agreed with Stalin later on. Churchill urged Stalin that his plan should wait for he himself had planned to strike first in North Africa and Southern Europe. General Erwin Rommel was responsible for the taking key port city, Tobruk on June 1942, and after the fall of Tobruk General Bernard Montgomery was sent to look over British forces in North Africa. Germans, having the advantage, were arriving to a village in Egypt called El Alamein. The British had no way to reach their designated location in North Africa, and had no other choice but to attack from the front. The British took the Axis by surprise, and by November 3, Rommel had been beaten and began to retreat westward. During the summer of 1942, Hitler sends his Sixth Army south to capture oil fields, and also the city of Stalingrad which was a major industrial center. It began on August 23, 1942 with nightly bombing raids. Stalin held his head up high and ordered his troops to defend the state at all costs, after all the city did take by his name. November 1942, Germans had already taken over 90% of the demolished city. Stalin had planned to trap German troops inside Stalingrad and cut off their supplies. A Russian Winter had started and even though many of Hitler's troops were weak and hungry, Hitler had kept is troops planted in Stalingrad. The winter had forced 90,000 frostbitten German troops to surrender on February 2, 1943. The invasion of Italy was a success for the Allies, capturing Sicily on July 10 1943. This conquest of the Allies toppled Mussolini off from power and even after Hitler got him back into power, he was found disguised as a German soldier, shot, and hung. By May 1944 American General Dwight D. Eisenhower had planned a strike on Normandy to push away the Germans and has been the greatest land and sea attack. The invasion began on June 6. 1944-D-Day. Germans had no choice but to retreat, and soon enough Germany were about to be attacked from both the West and the East. Hitler decides to ignore the Soviet attacks from the East and attacks the West to attack the U.S. and Great Britain. This was known as The Battle of the Bulge which ends with the suicide of Hitler. On May 8, 1945 Nazi surrender was official and signed in Berlin with President Harry Truman as representative of U.S. due to Roosevelt's death on April 12. Although the war in Europe has ended, conflict between Japan and the United States was still in effect. President Truman warned Japan about the atomic bomb and asked for their surrender. Truman received no reply, so his response was to drop two atomic bombs, one in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and the second one in Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. This mark the end of World War II on September 2 1945 with the surrender of the Japanese.
After Pearl Harbor on December 22, 1941, Stalin had a plan to open a second front on the west of Germany to and to relieve pressure from the east. Churchill agreed with Stalin's strategy, but at first Roosevelt was against the idea, but reluctantly agreed with Stalin later on. Churchill urged Stalin that his plan should wait for he himself had planned to strike first in North Africa and Southern Europe. General Erwin Rommel was responsible for the taking key port city, Tobruk on June 1942, and after the fall of Tobruk General Bernard Montgomery was sent to look over British forces in North Africa. Germans, having the advantage, were arriving to a village in Egypt called El Alamein. The British had no way to reach their designated location in North Africa, and had no other choice but to attack from the front. The British took the Axis by surprise, and by November 3, Rommel had been beaten and began to retreat westward. During the summer of 1942, Hitler sends his Sixth Army south to capture oil fields, and also the city of Stalingrad which was a major industrial center. It began on August 23, 1942 with nightly bombing raids. Stalin held his head up high and ordered his troops to defend the state at all costs, after all the city did take by his name. November 1942, Germans had already taken over 90% of the demolished city. Stalin had planned to trap German troops inside Stalingrad and cut off their supplies. A Russian Winter had started and even though many of Hitler's troops were weak and hungry, Hitler had kept is troops planted in Stalingrad. The winter had forced 90,000 frostbitten German troops to surrender on February 2, 1943. The invasion of Italy was a success for the Allies, capturing Sicily on July 10 1943. This conquest of the Allies toppled Mussolini off from power and even after Hitler got him back into power, he was found disguised as a German soldier, shot, and hung. By May 1944 American General Dwight D. Eisenhower had planned a strike on Normandy to push away the Germans and has been the greatest land and sea attack. The invasion began on June 6. 1944-D-Day. Germans had no choice but to retreat, and soon enough Germany were about to be attacked from both the West and the East. Hitler decides to ignore the Soviet attacks from the East and attacks the West to attack the U.S. and Great Britain. This was known as The Battle of the Bulge which ends with the suicide of Hitler. On May 8, 1945 Nazi surrender was official and signed in Berlin with President Harry Truman as representative of U.S. due to Roosevelt's death on April 12. Although the war in Europe has ended, conflict between Japan and the United States was still in effect. President Truman warned Japan about the atomic bomb and asked for their surrender. Truman received no reply, so his response was to drop two atomic bombs, one in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and the second one in Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. This mark the end of World War II on September 2 1945 with the surrender of the Japanese.
ARTICLES
1. Allied Landings In Italy: This article describes the landings of the Allies in Italy. It describes the strategies of each battle in Italy. "What the landing did make possible was a campaign that diverted substantial German forces away from Normandy ahead of the D-Day landings in June 1944. It also liberated Italy from Nazism."
2. Operation Torch: This article outlines the British and American operation against French North Africa. It outlines the strategies and reasoning behind the Operation, and its success militarily and politically. It gives detailed explanations of the separate British and American involvement in the Operation. "In fact, this amphibious operation inevitably postponed the landing in France until 1944, but at the same time it allowed the United States to complete mobilization of its immense industrial and manpower resources for the titanic air and ground battles that characterized the Allied campaigns of 1944."
3. D-Day Overview: This article sums up the general data and statistics regarding the invasion of D-Day. "The landing included over 5,000 ships, 11,000 airplanes, and over 150,000 service men." " When it was over, the Allied Forces had suffered nearly 10,000 casualties; more than 4,000 were dead. Yet somehow, due to planning and preparation, and due to the valor, fidelity, and sacrifice of the Allied Forces, Fortress Europe had been breached."
4. Uneasy Allies Very interesting read about the Allied leaders and how each leader aimed for different things, yet had to work together. "For Stalin, the principal objective of the war was to eliminate German dominance of the continent and its capacity to invade Russia, as it had twice since 1914."
5. "But Axtell, who has never served in the military, contends that V-J Day technically is an inaccurate description of the event marking the end of World War II."
6. The Battle of Bulge Description of the Battle; strategies and the obstacles German troops had to face leading to their defeat against the U.S. "During the Battle of the Bulge, the Germans suffered more than 100,000 casualties; the Americans approximately 81,000."
7 Nuclear Power Explanation of how the way the war was marked to an end in Japan was very different than Germany's due to the major bombings in their two cities. "The key to understanding the difference between Japan and Germany, and attitudes towards Japan and Germany, is the way in which the war against Japan came to an end."
8 The War is Over A New York Time article about V-E Day, and the German's unconditional surrender. " The surrender, which brought the war in Europe to a formal end after five years, eight months and six days of bloodshed and destruction, was signed for Germany by Col. Gen. Gustav Jodl. General Jodl is the new Chief of Staff of the German Army."
9. Germany Surrender This short article demonstrates and explains German 's surrender, and how Eisenhower demanded complete surrender from all German troops. "At first, General Jodl hoped to limit the terms of German surrender to only those forces still fighting the Western Allies. But General Dwight Eisenhower demanded complete surrender of all German forces, those fighting in the East as well as in the West".
10 How did the Allies win the War This article discuss the reasons why the Allies forces have won the war against Germany based on the events and plans that lead to it. " Even with these vast resources to hand, however, it took American forces considerable time before they could fight on equal terms..."
1. Allied Landings In Italy: This article describes the landings of the Allies in Italy. It describes the strategies of each battle in Italy. "What the landing did make possible was a campaign that diverted substantial German forces away from Normandy ahead of the D-Day landings in June 1944. It also liberated Italy from Nazism."
2. Operation Torch: This article outlines the British and American operation against French North Africa. It outlines the strategies and reasoning behind the Operation, and its success militarily and politically. It gives detailed explanations of the separate British and American involvement in the Operation. "In fact, this amphibious operation inevitably postponed the landing in France until 1944, but at the same time it allowed the United States to complete mobilization of its immense industrial and manpower resources for the titanic air and ground battles that characterized the Allied campaigns of 1944."
3. D-Day Overview: This article sums up the general data and statistics regarding the invasion of D-Day. "The landing included over 5,000 ships, 11,000 airplanes, and over 150,000 service men." " When it was over, the Allied Forces had suffered nearly 10,000 casualties; more than 4,000 were dead. Yet somehow, due to planning and preparation, and due to the valor, fidelity, and sacrifice of the Allied Forces, Fortress Europe had been breached."
4. Uneasy Allies Very interesting read about the Allied leaders and how each leader aimed for different things, yet had to work together. "For Stalin, the principal objective of the war was to eliminate German dominance of the continent and its capacity to invade Russia, as it had twice since 1914."
5. "But Axtell, who has never served in the military, contends that V-J Day technically is an inaccurate description of the event marking the end of World War II."
6. The Battle of Bulge Description of the Battle; strategies and the obstacles German troops had to face leading to their defeat against the U.S. "During the Battle of the Bulge, the Germans suffered more than 100,000 casualties; the Americans approximately 81,000."
7 Nuclear Power Explanation of how the way the war was marked to an end in Japan was very different than Germany's due to the major bombings in their two cities. "The key to understanding the difference between Japan and Germany, and attitudes towards Japan and Germany, is the way in which the war against Japan came to an end."
8 The War is Over A New York Time article about V-E Day, and the German's unconditional surrender. " The surrender, which brought the war in Europe to a formal end after five years, eight months and six days of bloodshed and destruction, was signed for Germany by Col. Gen. Gustav Jodl. General Jodl is the new Chief of Staff of the German Army."
9. Germany Surrender This short article demonstrates and explains German 's surrender, and how Eisenhower demanded complete surrender from all German troops. "At first, General Jodl hoped to limit the terms of German surrender to only those forces still fighting the Western Allies. But General Dwight Eisenhower demanded complete surrender of all German forces, those fighting in the East as well as in the West".
10 How did the Allies win the War This article discuss the reasons why the Allies forces have won the war against Germany based on the events and plans that lead to it. " Even with these vast resources to hand, however, it took American forces considerable time before they could fight on equal terms..."
VIDEOS
PRIMARY SOURCES
1. PRIME MINISTER CHURCHILL'S ADDRESS IN COMMONS ON RELATIONS AMONG BRITAIN, THE U. S. AND THE U.S.S.R.
Churchill informs what has been occurring lately and talks about the importance of the relationship Great Britain, U.S. , and Soviet Union and his desire to keep it as close as it can get.
2. The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State Warning of an Attack on Pearl Harbor
Telegram warning about the Bombing of Pearl Harbor.
3. Churchill Announces the Ending of World (1945) Speech that World War II has finished by Winston Churchill
1. PRIME MINISTER CHURCHILL'S ADDRESS IN COMMONS ON RELATIONS AMONG BRITAIN, THE U. S. AND THE U.S.S.R.
Churchill informs what has been occurring lately and talks about the importance of the relationship Great Britain, U.S. , and Soviet Union and his desire to keep it as close as it can get.
2. The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State Warning of an Attack on Pearl Harbor
Telegram warning about the Bombing of Pearl Harbor.
3. Churchill Announces the Ending of World (1945) Speech that World War II has finished by Winston Churchill
MAPS